References
The public education pages rely on current official sources, prescribing information, evidence reviews and selected primary studies. Sources were last checked September 16, 2026.
How we review this information
[1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD).Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD). Last checked: .
[2] Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. EPIDIOLEX® (cannabidiol) oral solution: Full Prescribing Information. Revised May 2026. DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine.Source: Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. EPIDIOLEX® (cannabidiol) oral solution: Full Prescribing Information. Revised May 2026. DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Last checked: .
[3] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Substance Access Beneficiary Engagement Incentive.Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Substance Access Beneficiary Engagement Incentive. Last checked: .
[4] Public Law 119-37, §781. Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026. November 12, 2025; 139 Stat. 558-561.Source: Public Law 119-37, §781. Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026. November 12, 2025; 139 Stat. 558-561. Last checked: .
[5] H.R. 6500 (ENR), Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2027, §2019, “Section 781 Extension”; enacted as Public Law 119-103, 140 Stat. 987, September 2, 2026. Official enrolled text; enactment independently confirmed.Source: H.R. 6500 (ENR), Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2027, §2019, “Section 781 Extension”; enacted as Public Law 119-103, 140 Stat. 987, September 2, 2026. Official enrolled text; enactment independently confirmed. Last checked: .
[6] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol Products in Medical Research Models. April 1, 2026.Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol Products in Medical Research Models. April 1, 2026. Last checked: .
[7] Florian J, Salcedo P, Burkhart K, et al. Cannabidiol and Liver Enzyme Level Elevations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2025;185(9):1070-1078. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2366.Source: Florian J, Salcedo P, Burkhart K, et al. Cannabidiol and Liver Enzyme Level Elevations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2025;185(9):1070-1078. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2366. Last checked: .
[8] Wilson J, et al. The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2026;13(4):304-315. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(26)00015-5. With June 16, 2026 correction.Source: Wilson J, et al. The efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2026;13(4):304-315. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(26)00015-5. With June 16, 2026 correction. Last checked: .
[9] Narayan AJ, et al. Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2024;20(5):753-763. doi:10.5664/jcsm.10998.Source: Narayan AJ, et al. Cannabidiol for moderate-severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg of nightly dosing. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2024;20(5):753-763. doi:10.5664/jcsm.10998. Last checked: .
[10] da Silva GHS, et al. Effectiveness of cannabinoids on subjective sleep quality in people with and without insomnia or poor sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2025;84:102156. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102156.Source: da Silva GHS, et al. Effectiveness of cannabinoids on subjective sleep quality in people with and without insomnia or poor sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2025;84:102156. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102156. Last checked: .
[11] Chou R, et al. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2025 Update. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 250; Publication No. 25-EHC036. July 2025.Source: Chou R, et al. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2025 Update. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 250; Publication No. 25-EHC036. July 2025. Last checked: .
[12] Braun IM, et al. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2024;42(13):1575-1593. doi:10.1200/JCO.23.02596.Source: Braun IM, et al. Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2024;42(13):1575-1593. doi:10.1200/JCO.23.02596. Last checked: .
[13] Taha T, et al. Cannabis Impacts Tumor Response Rate to Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Malignancies. The Oncologist. 2019;24(4):549-554. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0383.Source: Taha T, et al. Cannabis Impacts Tumor Response Rate to Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Malignancies. The Oncologist. 2019;24(4):549-554. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0383. Last checked: .
[14] Bar-Sela G, et al. Cannabis Consumption Used by Cancer Patients during Immunotherapy Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome. Cancers. 2020;12(9):2447. doi:10.3390/cancers12092447. With 2022 correction.Source: Bar-Sela G, et al. Cannabis Consumption Used by Cancer Patients during Immunotherapy Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome. Cancers. 2020;12(9):2447. doi:10.3390/cancers12092447. With 2022 correction. Last checked: .
[15] Waissengrin B, et al. The use of medical cannabis concomitantly with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A sigh of relief? European Journal of Cancer. 2023;180:52-61. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2022.11.022.Source: Waissengrin B, et al. The use of medical cannabis concomitantly with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A sigh of relief? European Journal of Cancer. 2023;180:52-61. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2022.11.022. Last checked: .
[16] Hadid T, et al. Association between cannabis use and clinical outcomes in patients with solid malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy. 2024;12:25151355241309095. doi:10.1177/25151355241309095.Source: Hadid T, et al. Association between cannabis use and clinical outcomes in patients with solid malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy. 2024;12:25151355241309095. doi:10.1177/25151355241309095. Last checked: .
[17] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pharmacy Care (STEADI-Rx). August 4, 2025.Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pharmacy Care (STEADI-Rx). August 4, 2025. Last checked: .
[18] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Guidance for Industry. ICH-Quality, Revision 2. March 2024.Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Guidance for Industry. ICH-Quality, Revision 2. March 2024. Last checked: .
[19] National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST Tools for Cannabis Laboratory Quality Assurance. Updated September 15, 2026.Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology. NIST Tools for Cannabis Laboratory Quality Assurance. Updated September 15, 2026. Last checked: .